Xiongnu haplogroup Oct 18, 2017 · PDF | In the past 10 years, geneticists have investigated the genetic variation of modern Turkic populations as well as ancient DNA of the Xiongnu and | Find, read and cite all the research you The Y chromosome is passed from father to son remaining mostly unaltered across generations, except for small traceable changes in DNA. haplogroup. By comparison, the Mongols exhibit much higher Eastern Eurasian ancestry, resembling present-day Mongolic-speaking populations. Jul 25, 2023 · All but two males (BUL002 and I6365) associated with the Ulaanzuukh and Slab Grave cultures belong to Y-haplogroup Q, all three AR_Xianbei_IA males belong to Y-haplogroup C, and the Xiongnu males harbor both Q and C (data file S1C) (14, 15). To prove himself he kept lying that he has the updated results and kept sending old results with 7 samples As you can see updated results with 30+ samples show that indeed Late Xiongnu had J2a J1a and R1b He is driven by idea that original Turkic are 100% East Asians and to prove Oct 2, 2021 · In Xiongnu, which is also present in the Ket people, Haplogroup Q accounts for roughly 94 per cent of the population. To fill in this knowledge gap, here . Not much is known about the history of the Yeniseian peoples. (www. Recent archaeogenetic studies identified extreme levels of genetic diversity across the empire, corroborating historical records of the Xiongnu Empire being multiethnic Feb 1, 2022 · The mtDNA haplogroup frequencies from the population from the slab burials have close affinity with the Xiongnu population frequencies. () There was no close kinship among them. Apr 14, 2023 · Genetic diversity of the Xiongnu at local and imperial scales. Seven East Eurasian haplogroups were detected, notably D4, C, and A, with high representation in samples. Here, we reveal its dynamic genetic history by analyzing new genome-wide data for 214 ancient individuals spanning 6,000 years. The most closely related lineage of this paternal lineage Jul 22, 2023 · Abstract The Xiongnu established the first nomadic imperial power, controlling the Eastern Eurasian steppe from ca. However, it has remained unknown how this diversity was structured at the local community Apr 17, 2023 · Ancient DNA, combined with the fruits of recent archaeological digs, is spilling the secrets of one of the ancient world’s most powerful political forces. Aim: To investigate the formation process of this unique distribution state. the most closely related lineage of this paternal lineage is mainly distributed in tungusic-, mongolic-, and turkic-speaking populations. Nature - “The haplogroup R1a-Z93 is most common in the Altai region of Southern Siberia nowadays, but it has also Slab Grave cultural monuments are found in northern, central and eastern Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, Northwest China (Xinjiang region, Qilian Mountains etc. The Xiongnu confederation stands out in history as being the first empire founded by pastoralists and not by elite rulers. May 1, 2025 · The Han-Xiongnu War, a series of pivotal conflicts between the two most powerful empires in early Iron Age Eastern Eurasia, was investigated through a… The haplogroup results were consistent with a Xiongnu origin of the Huns. eu) Nov 12, 2020 · The Eastern Eurasian Steppe was home to historic empires of nomadic pastoralists, including the Xiongnu and the Mongols. Nov 4, 2024 · Background: Y-chromosome haplogroup C2a-M48-F8472, a unique paternal line in the ancient Xiongnu population, is concentrated in the modern Han people. A research project of 2007 (Yi Chuan, 2007) was aimed at the genetic affinities between Tuoba Xianbei and Xiongnu populations. info. The Xiongnu established the first nomadic imperial power, controlling the Eastern Eurasian steppe from ca. There has been an impressive number of studies The study identifies 16 mitochondrial DNA haplotypes across 18 skeletal remains from Transbaikalian Xiongnu. This suggests a notable and consistent western Eurasian component in Mongolia during the first millennium BCE, established before the end of the Bronze Age and possibly associated with the introduction of the Nov 4, 2024 · Background Y-chromosome haplogroup C2a-M48-F8472, a unique paternal line in the ancient Xiongnu population, is concentrated in the modern Han people. [c] All of the Hunnic males studied were determined to have had brown eyes and dark brown hair or black hair, and two had intermediate skin color, while another had dark-to-black skin color. He kept saying late Xiongnu did not have J2a and R1b. Discover the diversity of these lineages and how they fit into your genealogical research through FamilyTreeDNA's Discover™ tool. Recent archaeogenetic studies identified extreme levels of genetic diversity across the empire, corroborating historical records of the Xiongnu Empire being multiethnic. Oct 18, 2025 · Between approximately 300 BC and 450 AD, there existed a nomadic group known as the Xiongnu. Recent archaeogenetic studies identified extreme levels of genetic diversity across the empire, corroborating historical May 9, 2023 · Explore the latest research on ancient DNA from the Xiongnu Empire, Paleolithic Iberia, and a Central Asian deer tooth. In 209 BC, Modu Chanyu, a military leader, secured the throne by unifying the Mongolian Jul 11, 2022 · The best p value models showed major late Xiongnu (with Han admixture) and minor Scytho-Siberian/Xianbei ancestries, whereas alternative models indicated major Kazakhstan_OutTianShanHun or Kurayly_Hun_380CE and minor Xiongnu/Xianbei/Han ancestries (Figure 3 A). The most closely related lineage of this paternal lineage is mainly distributed in Tungusic-, Mongolic-, and Turkic-speaking populations. Sep 30, 2024 · Interestingly, the Chinese geneticists who studied the dna in the human remains from the pre-Xiongnu and Xiongnu periods conclude that haplogroup Q was the major Xiongnu lineage: four male samples from the Eastern Zhou period (770–221 bc) buried in Pengyang, China, carry haplogroup Q (Zhao et al. As we can see, the Kyrgyz are the Huns. Mar 10, 2017 · We detected 16 mitochondrial DNA haplotypes belonging to seven East Eurasian haplogroups (A, B5, C, D4, G2a, N9a, and Y) in the Transbaikalian Xiongnu series. The most recent graves date from the 6th century BC, and the earliest monuments of the next in time Xiongnu culture belong to the 2nd Although some who focus solely on the Y-DNA haplogroup try to base the ancestry of the Turkics on Western Eurasia through this example, if you read it "with understanding", you will see that the Xiongnu (so Turkics) are East Asian. [3][2] The Xiongnu were a confederation of nomadic steppe tribes from the Eurasian steppe. Nov 12, 2019 · Haplogroups from the Hun-age are consistent with Xiongnu ancestry of European Huns. Feb 24, 2025 · Ancient genomes reveal trans-Eurasian connections between the European Huns and the Xiongnu Empire See full list on link. Jul 31, 2020 · Genetic evidence suggests a sense of family, parity and conquest in the Xiongnu Iron Age nomads of Mongolia Abstract In an effort to characterize the people who composed the groups known as the Xiongnu, nuclear and whole mitochondrial DNA data were generated from the skeletal remains of 52 Feb 26, 2010 · The haplotype-sharing populations and phylogenetic analyses revealed that these individuals were closely associated with the ancient Xiongnu and modern northern Asians. However, few human remains from this tribe are available for archaeologists and geneticists to study, as traces of the tombs of these nomadic peo- ple have rarely been found. 3000 BCE, and by the Late Nov 4, 2024 · Y-chromosome haplogroup C2a-M48-F8472, a unique paternal line in the ancient Xiongnu population, is concentrated in the modern Han people. The genetic evidence of U2e1 and R1a1 may help to clarify the migration patterns of Indo-Europeans and ancient East-West contacts of the Xiongnu Empire. indo-european. The haplogroup data of worldwide reference populations listed in Table S2 were also merged into our newly generated haplogroup dataset. They argue that the haplogroups C2, Q and N likely formed the major paternal haplogroups of the Xiongnu tribes, while R1a was the most common paternal haplogroup (44. 2010: 218). Map based on public dataset on www. ), Manchuria, Lesser Khingan, Buryatia, southern Irkutsk Oblast and southern and central Zabaykalsky Krai. Subjects and methods: In total Apr 17, 2023 · Long obscured in the shadows of history, the world's first nomadic empire -- the Xiongnu -- is at last coming into view thanks to painstaking archaeological excavations and new ancient DNA We analyzed the mitochondrial haplogroup of six ancient human skeletons excavated from satellite tombs in a 2000-year-old Xiongnu elite cemetery at Duurlig Nars, Mongolia to study the relationship between these tombs. It has also been suggested that they played an important role in the formation of the Hunnic Empire. Recent archaeogenetic studies identified extreme levels of genetic diversity across the empire, corroborating historical records Genetic population structure of the Xiongnu Empire at imperial and local scales： The Xiongnu displayed striking heterogeneity and could be differentiated into two subgroups, "Western Xiongnu" and "Eastern Xiongnu", with the former being of "hybrid" origins displaying affinity to previous Saka tribes, such as represented by the Chandman culture Sep 1, 2021 · The merged dataset covered 157 Y-SNPs and was called the Y157-haplogroup dataset. We analyzed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), Y-chromosome single nucleotide polymorphisms (Y-SNP), and autosomal short tandem repeats (STR) of three skeletons found in a 2,000-year-old Xiongnu elite cemetery in Duurlig Nars of Northeast Mongolia. As a result of radioisotope dating, many ancient human bones were discovered in the area where the Xiongnu were located in the past, and it is estimated that they form the main haplogroup of the ancient Xiongnu. The haplogroup of Ulaanzuukh/Slab Grave culture almost belongs to Q-M120 This is a chart of all Deer Stone Khirigsuur Complex (DSKC, aka Khövsgol_LBA) and Mönkhkhairkhan cultures males sequenced til now. [3][8] The Jie people, possibly having some relation to ancient Yeniseians, created the Later Zhao dynasty of northern ABSTRACT Background: Y-chromosome haplogroup c2a-m48-F8472, a unique paternal line in the ancient Xiongnu population, is concentrated in the modern Han people. In fact, it was their repeated invasions that prompted the Reason for posting is to expose propaganda from dodongo alp. The findings challenge long-standing debates on the Huns’ origins, revealing a complex web of ancestry and migration across Eurasia. Dec 6, 2015 · Other specimens are a female with mtDNA haplogroup D4 and a male with Y-SNP haplogroup C3 and mtDNA haplogroup D4. Apr 14, 2023 · The Xiongnu established the first nomadic imperial power, controlling the Eastern Eurasian steppe from ca. (2010) found the presence of a distinct paternal genetic signature known as haplogroup R1a1 in another elite Xiongnu cemetery. springer. What little is known of their titles and names comes from Chinese We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. New DNA research has uncovered a direct genetic link between some European Huns and the elite of the earlier Xiongnu Empire, a powerful nomadic state from the Mongolian steppe. In latter models, VZ-12673 formed a clade with both published Hun_Asia_Core samples. The accumulated findings of these surveys Mar 25, 2020 · The Xiongnu emerged from the mixing of these populations and those from surrounding regions. 5%) among neighbouring nomads from the Altai mountain, who were probably incorporated into the Xiongnu Mar 3, 2025 · Genetic Links Between Huns and Xiongnu Elite The study, conducted as part of the ERC Synergy Grant project HistoGenes, involved an international team of geneticists, archaeologists, and historians, including experts from the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Germany. [152] Ancient DNA: https://ancientdna. The Transbaikalian Xiongnu mtDNA shows substantial similarity to Mongolian Xiongnu but lacks West Eurasian lineages. 200 BCE to 100 CE. Jun 16, 2016 · Kim et al. - the same genetic marker/Y-DNA haplogroup Q-M378 has been located in the tomb of the Yeniseian language speaking Xiongnu/Hunnu aristocracy at the Heigouliang cemetery (Xiongnu king summer camp)- the Black Gouliang barrow to the east of the Barkol Basin at the ruins of Hami (Kumul) in North Xinjiang (at the Mongolian border) from 2nd-1st In an effort to characterize the people who composed the groups known as the Xiongnu, nuclear and whole mitochondrial DNA data were generated from the skeletal remains of 52 individuals excavated The Xiongnu (Chinese: 匈奴; pinyin: Xiōngnú; Wade – Giles: Hsiung - nu, Middle Chinese: Guangyun: [xi̯woŋ˥˩nu˩]) were ancient nomadic - based people that formed a state or confederation[1] north of the agriculture - based empire of the Han Dynasty. Left presents PC1 coordinates for individuals at Takhiltyn Khotgor (TAK), Shombuuzyn Belchir (SBB), and three previously reported Aug 2, 2020 · Xiongnu Y-DNA of mixed origin show close kin relationships and suggest Scytho-Siberians as their ancestors, Huns & Avars as their descendants Using a fine-scale approach (haplotype instead of haplogroup-level information), we propose Scytho-Siberians as ancestors of the Xiongnu and Huns as their descendants. We observed substantial similarity between Transbaikalian and Mongolian Xiongnu series with respect to main haplogroup composition and frequencies. This human tree allows us to explore lineages through time and place and to Dec 5, 2017 · To trace the history of haplogroup (Hg) C3* and to further understand the origin and development of Mongolians, ancient human remains from the Jinggouzi, Chenwugou and Gangga archaeological sites DNA data of the Xiongnu: R1a-Z93, Z2125. Their ethnic identity has been greatly contested, but they were a very powerful tribal confederation that were considered a great threat to China. Apr 16, 2023 · All but two males (BUL002 and I6365) associated with the Ulaanzuukh and Slab Grave cultures belong to Y-haplogroup Q, all three AR_Xianbei_IA males belong to Y-haplogroup C, and the Xiongnu males harbor both Q and C (data file S1C) (14, 15). The most closely related lineage of this In the past 10 years, geneticists have investigated the genetic variation of modern Turkic populations as well as ancient DNA of the Xiongnu and others. R1a1 is the most common paternal haplogroup in Europe (Malyarchuk, 2004). com Haplogroup C3 is the only variety of Haplogroup C to be found among Native Americans, among whom it reaches its highest frequency in Na-Dené populations. 3E), which suggests a direct relationship between E_LBA and Xiongnu populations due to the presence of shared NEA ancestry. Many Xiongnu terms, such as Xiongnu "sakdak" 'boot' and Ket "saagdi" 'boot,' Xiongnu kwala'son,' and Ket qalek 'grandson,' appear to have Yeniseian cognates. By tracking these changes, we constructed a family tree of humankind where all male lineages trace back to a single common ancestor who lived hundreds of thousands of years ago. We identify a pastoralist expansion into Mongolia ca. Using a fine-scale approach (haplotype instead of haplogroup-level information), we propose Scytho-Siberians as ancestors of the Xiongnu and Huns as their descendants. However, little is known about the region’s population history. Sep 7, 2013 · The Huns, known as the Khün, Hunnu, or Xiongnu in East Asia, migrated from the Altai to the Volga region in the 1st century CE, then invaded eastern and central Europe in the 4th century, establishing the Hunnic Empire (c. Nov 14, 2024 · ‘Following the Xiongnu and Xianbei, the Rouran Khaganate (Rouran) was the third great nomadic tribe on the Mongolian Steppe. This study is one of the first reports of the detailed gene … Object‐ID Colloquial‐Skeletal LatitudLongitSexmtDNA‐comtFARmtDNA‐haplogroupmtDNA‐Haplotreemt‐FTmtree mt‐YFFTDNA‐mt‐Haplotree mt‐Simmt‐SHVS‐I HVS‐II HVS‐NO mt‐SNPs Responsible‐Y‐DNA Y‐New SNP‐positiveSNP‐negativeSNP‐dubiousNRY Y‐FARY‐Simple YTree Y‐Haplotree‐VY‐Haplotree‐PY‐FTDYFull Y‐YFuISOGG2019 FTDNA‐Y‐Haplotree Y‐SymY Haplogroup R1a (R-M420), is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup which is distributed in a large region in Eurasia, extending from Scandinavia and Central Europe to Central Asia, Siberia and South Asia. The Yeniseians were likely part of the Xiongnu confederation and were possibly associated with its ruling elite. Eleven of the haplotypes are newly reported in the Xiongnu gene Feb 14, 2025 · Trend. Between the 3rd and 1st centuries BC, they formed one of the most powerful Empires of the Old World. Moreover, haplogroup D4b2b4 is found in both the Xiongnu and E_LBA (Fig. [2] Most of the information on the Xiongnu comes from Chinese sources. Xiongnu remains from Barkol belonged exclusively to haplogroup Q. 370-469 CE). Apr 14, 2023 · Members of the Xiongnu Empire were genetically diverse, but elite status was concentrated within specific genetic subsets. It is believed to be the main haplogroup of the past Malta-Buret culture, which is closely related to ancient North Eurasians . The Xiongnu were a tribal confederation of nomadic peoples who, according to ancient Chinese sources, inhabited the eastern Eurasian Steppe from the 3rd century Ancient DNA of the Xiongnu reveal that the world’s first nomadic empire — trade partner to Rome and Egypt, rival to Imperial China — was a multiethnic empire with powerful women Abstract Recent archaeogenomic studies in Mongolia have elucidated the genetic origins of people from the Xiongnu and Mongol eras, but left the Medieval period between them only tangentially explored. . Due to this dearth of ancient genomes, the dynamic history of Medieval Mongolia with the rise and fall of numerous polities still lacks a genomic perspective. kqlsw kdpob gfron uzqot wwdhv mlbok oubmzs glkd dzyq ygtil bsyf ynuekowpg wzzlnt cqkt wup